During the first year of a child's life, there are five major milestones that highlight their physical growth. These include rapid weight gain and growth, development of gross motor skills such as rolling over, sitting up, crawling, and standing, improvement in fine motor skills and hand-eye coordination, teething and oral development, and growth of sensory and cognitive abilities. These milestones are crucial for a child's future development as they transition from newborns to toddlers, and parents play a significant role in supporting and encouraging these achievements. By their first birthday, children are physically transformed and equipped with the foundational skills needed for the next stages of their lives, demonstrating the love and care provided by their caregivers.

Air pollution poses a significant threat to children's health, particularly affecting their respiratory, cognitive, and overall development. Pollutants such as PM2.5, NO2, and SO2 can lead to respiratory issues, impaired lung development, increased allergies, neurodevelopmental impacts, cardiovascular effects, premature birth, low birth weight, and increased susceptibility to infections. To prevent these effects, parents can monitor air quality, create a clean indoor environment, limit outdoor activities during peak pollution times, use public transportation or carpool, support clean air policies, educate children about pollution, and promote healthy lifestyles. These strategies can help protect children from the harmful effects of polluted air and ensure they grow up healthy despite environmental challenges.